Avoiding exposure to air pollution is not only beneficial for lung health but also for brain health, according to a McMaster University professor. Russell de Souza, a professor in the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact at McMaster University, coauthored a study published in the journal Stroke on May 13. The study, which involved approximately 7,000 Canadians recruited between 2014 and 2018, focused on the impact of long-term exposure to common air pollutants on brain health.
The research team found that higher exposure to two prevalent air pollutants, fine particulate matter, and nitrogen dioxide, was linked to slight differences in brain health measures. Fine particulate matter is commonly present in sources like wildfire smoke, industrial emissions, and vehicle exhaust, while nitrogen dioxide is a gas found in vehicle emissions.
Participants, with an average age of 57 from various Canadian provinces, underwent cognitive tests to assess brain function. The study revealed that exposure to these air pollutants led to lower scores on cognitive tests, indicating a decline in brain health. Although the declines were not severe enough to be immediately noticeable, de Souza emphasized the importance of early detection to prevent further deterioration.
While Canada has made significant progress in reducing air pollution, recent climate-related events like wildfires have posed challenges to maintaining clean air quality. De Souza highlighted that air pollution is most concentrated near transportation hubs and advised individuals to monitor daily air quality reports to gauge local risks.
Health Canada suggests indoor measures to reduce exposure to fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, such as proper cleaning, ventilation, and avoiding idling cars indoors. Exposure to these pollutants can lead to respiratory issues, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.
De Souza’s research, conducted as part of the Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds study, underscores the need for further investigations into the long-term effects of air pollution on cognitive decline and the potential benefits of improving air quality for brain health.