Wayne Baker, also known as “the Gaspereau Man,” has been observing and counting gaspereau fish along the Oromocto River in Fredericton Junction for more than 70 years. Despite a decline in the gaspereau population compared to his younger days, Baker highlights the crucial role these fish play as a keystone species in the ecosystem.
Gaspereau, encompassing alewives and blueback herring, serve as a vital link in the local food chain by transferring nutrients from the ocean inland and sustaining various plants and wildlife. During their migration northwards for spawning, gaspereau are preyed upon by eagles, otters, bears, and other wildlife species.
Commercially caught gaspereau are predominantly used as lobster bait due to their bony structure, making them less appealing for recreational fishing. However, Baker, an avid gaspereau enthusiast, enjoys preparing them by brining, coating them in maple syrup, and smoking them for a delectable snack.
Over the years, Baker has diligently monitored the number of gaspereau making their way upstream to provide valuable insights to the Oromocto Watershed Association regarding the fish population trends. The federal Fisheries Department previously restricted the transportation of gaspereau above the Mactaquac Dam, with surplus fish being auctioned to the highest bidder.
Recent changes in 2020 saw a shift in policy, with the department opting to transport a higher volume of gaspereau over the dam. This alteration led to a significant increase in the number of fish successfully passing the dam for spawning, reaching over 4.1 million last year, much to Baker’s delight.
Despite the positive outcomes of increased fish migration, concerns have been raised by individuals like Mathieu Cormier, a gaspereau fisherman with over two decades of experience. Cormier emphasizes the need for a fish ladder at the dam to prevent fish mortality caused by turbine passage, a common issue affecting various fish species.
While Baker and Cormier may differ on certain fishing practices, both share a common goal of advocating for the well-being of the gaspereau species. Patty Savoy, collaborating with the Oromocto First Nation, emphasizes the significance of gaspereau for traditional, ceremonial, and research purposes, underscoring the importance of preserving this species for future generations.