After extinguishing a wildfire, a dense layer of smoke emerges from lingering hot spots, releasing harmful chemicals into the air that firefighters may inhale for extended periods. A former wildland firefighter in Manitoba described this post-suppression phase as the period of highest air pollution.
The firefighter, who chose to remain anonymous due to concerns of backlash, highlighted the occupational hazards of combating wildfires, emphasizing the unavoidable exposure to toxic gases and particulate matter. With Canada experiencing longer and more intense wildfire seasons, experts caution that firefighters are at risk of heightened smoke exposure.
Christopher Pascoe, an associate professor at the University of Manitoba specializing in chronic respiratory diseases, emphasized the importance of minimizing smoke exposure. While Manitoba equips firefighters with disposable masks and training to mitigate air pollution risks, the effectiveness of protection measures remains a challenge.
During arduous 15-hour workdays involving strenuous tasks in challenging conditions, the firefighter recounted prioritizing their duties over concerns about air quality. However, Pascoe warned that wildfire smoke can lead to immediate health issues like breathing difficulties, coughing, and throat irritation, with long-term consequences including elevated risks of heart and lung diseases.
While respirators can provide adequate filtration of hazardous particles in wildfire smoke, the Manitoba Government and General Employees’ Union raised concerns about the practicality of bulky face coverings hindering firefighters’ performance. Pascoe suggested that respirators with cartridges offer better protection but acknowledged the communication and comfort challenges they pose.
Despite efforts to provide disposable N95 masks for firefighters in Manitoba, Pascoe highlighted limitations such as imperfect fit and the permeability of hazardous gases. Oxygen tanks, commonly used by urban firefighters, are not suitable for wilderness firefighting due to weight and limited oxygen supply.
Manitoba Natural Resources Minister Ian Bushie acknowledged the need to safeguard firefighters from wildfire smoke dangers while considering the physical constraints of protective gear. However, challenges persist in balancing protection with operational demands, as highlighted by the experiences of past firefighters in the field.
In British Columbia, alternative strategies to reduce smoke exposure include rotating crews in smoky areas, ensuring thorough cleanup post-fire containment, and establishing clean air zones for resting. Natasha Broznitsky from the BC Wildfire Service emphasized the multifaceted approach required to minimize exposure risks.
Drew Lichty, an occupational hygienist assisting the BC Wildfire Service, advocated for providing respirators as a straightforward protective measure given the complexities of battling wildfires. The introduction of various gear options and training programs has resulted in increased adoption among workers, acknowledging the importance of offering choice in protective equipment.
As wildfire seasons grow more severe, the need for improved protection against smoke exposure becomes increasingly critical. While challenges persist in finding the right balance between safety and operational efficiency, prioritizing firefighters’ health remains a priority for authorities and experts in the field.